Convert numbers between binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal.
Computers use different number base systems for different purposes. Binary (base 2) uses only 0 and 1 and is the fundamental language of computers. Octal (base 8) and hexadecimal (base 16) are used as convenient shorthand for binary data. Decimal (base 10) is the everyday number system. Hexadecimal is especially common in programming for representing memory addresses, colors, and byte values.